In the digital economy era, data has become an important element driving the global economy, and the issue of its cross-border flow has gradually shifted from the technical level to the institutional level. This article, starting from multilateral, regional and bilateral rules, sorts out and analyzes the existing systems regarding the international legal regulation of cross-border data flows and China's response paths. The research reveals that currently, the international community has not yet established unified rules for cross-border data flow, and the overall situation shows a fragmented characteristic. Based on this, this paper conducts a normative analysis and comparative study to summarize the data governance framework that China has established, which is oriented towards security. It then proposes ways to achieve a balance between data flow efficiency and security, such as improving classification and grading management, optimizing the security assessment mechanism, and strengthening participation in international rules. The research suggests that establishing a global unified rule in the short term is difficult. China should, while improving its domestic system, gradually enhance its international participation to better meet the actual demands of the development of the digital economy.

Under the background of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, the number of China enterprises going abroad is increasing, and the importance of intellectual property protection is becoming increasingly prominent, especially the risk of registered trademarks overseas. Therefore, this paper summarizes the causes of the registered trademarks of China enterprises going to sea under the background of "Belt and Road", which are manifested in three aspects: the infringer takes advantage of the system differences to register, the enterprise ignores the importance of layout and market competition, and the interest-driven registration. This paper puts forward that enterprises should strengthen their awareness, clarify the specific legal system of the target country, and lay out related trademarks to effectively avoid risks. At the national level, they should actively participate in the prevention and finally form a linkage between government and enterprises to build an integrated risk prevention system. This paper provides practical support for Chinese enterprises to safeguard their own interests at sea, and also provides new ideas for solving the problems of cross-border trademark squatting internationally.

Against the backdrop of the globalization of the digital economy, cross-border data flows have made significant contributions to the integration of the global industrial chain and the development of digital trade. As a sensitive data type in cross-border flows, the protection of personal information is deeply linked to national data sovereignty and the protection of individuals' basic rights. China has achieved phased results in the institutional construction of personal information protection in cross-border data flows, forming a "1+3+N" legal regulatory system, and establishing three statutory compliance paths: data exit security assessment, personal information protection certification, and standard contract for personal information exit. It has also explored a regulatory model adapted to China's digital economic development stage through the pilot programs of negative lists and white lists for data exit in free trade pilot zones. However, practical problems still exist, such as difficulties in implementing protection mechanisms, unclear regulatory rules, hidden dangers in legal convergence and data development. Therefore, this paper puts forward practical and systematic suggestions for institutional improvement from four dimensions: precisely defining the scope of sensitive personal information, refining supporting rules for data exit, preventing potential risks from technological development, and optimizing certification rules for international cooperation networks.

Under the background of the policy of population ageing and delayed retirement, over-age farmers work as a special group with the dual characteristics of "overage" and "not enjoying social security for employees". They face multiple dilemmas such as difficulties in labour relations certification, imbalance in the distribution of the burden of proof and lack of ability to prove. The root cause lies in the conflict of upper and lower laws and justice in the current legislation. The geographical division of the referee standard. In this regard, we should introduce the identification standard of "substantial subordinate attribute" and establish typified adjudication rules; standardise the retention of evidence for informal employment, strengthen the burden of proof of the employer and optimise the rules for evidence identification; and supplemented by the differentiated application of professional legal assistance and advantageous evidence rules, so as to effectively protect the core rights and interests of overage migrant workers.

Under the background of economic globalization and the widespread development of the social consciousness, societal expectations regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR) have become increasingly stringent. As a response to such requirements, there may be situations where enterprises try to fake their CSR commitments, which has greatly affected the general trust of consumers towards enterprises. This paper aims at making recommendations about how to enhance the credibility of CSR commitments by discussing the term 'credibility' and conducting a case study of companies' existing CSR practices. On the basis of the findings gained through the analysis, this paper suggests further ways for corporations to deal with the problem mentioned above. It is highly recommended that enterprises clarify the structure of their CSR commitments, increase the transparency of reporting, and lay down milestone plans with a definite time frame. Such recommendations should be considered in order to make it easier to measure the feasibility of CSR commitments, thus ensuring their reliability.

This paper regards gender-based violence as a form of structural violence that spans different cultural and social contexts. It argues that gender-based violence is reproduced and sustained through interwoven power systems within state institutions and social structures. Using a comparative research method, the paper examines two cases: gender-based violence against Native American women in North America and violence against women in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (Hong Kong SAR). In the North American context, the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women crisis exposes how legal restrictions and institutional failures under colonial governance have increased Indigenous women's exposure to violence. In this case, structural violence operates through the state system, making it difficult for Indigenous women to obtain effective protection from public authorities while they remain socially marginalised. By contrast, the case of Hong Kong SAR shows that gender-based violence may persist even within a relatively stable legal system, where violence is more deeply embedded in family structures, patriarchal values and cultural norms.

Financing constraints severely restrict the development of Chinese enterprises. Digital inclusive finance, supported by digital technology, has become an important way to ease such constraints. This paper reviews relevant literature, clarifies the connotation of digital inclusive finance and the theoretical causes of corporate financing constraints, and summarizes research findings on relieving financing restraints, lowering costs, and improving efficiency and accessibility. It analyzes the empowering mechanisms including big data analysis, supply-demand matching, and mitigating information asymmetry. The study shows that digital inclusive finance breaks traditional financial structural barriers, reduces micro-level financing costs, improves precision, and eases capital outflows caused by policy fluctuations and local debts at the macro level, with heterogeneous effects across enterprises. The paper also identifies research gaps in digital financial literacy, risk prevention, and cross-field integration, and puts forward future research directions. It concludes that digital inclusive finance reshapes real-economy financial services, optimizes resource allocation, and its integration with digital technology helps advance inclusive and sustainable economic growth.

Serious educational disparities can be clearly observed through the learning experiences of migrant children living in Shanghai. Even though this top-tier metropolis owns a mature and well-developed education system and has continuously popularized compulsory basic education, obvious gaps still exist between local registered students and migrant students without local hukou. Such unfair gaps are largely caused by China's household registration system, which ties most public welfare resources strictly to official residential status. Migrant children have to face many fixed obstacles when applying for public schools, including complicated extra document checks and insufficient available vacancies. A large number of them can only attend less qualified private schools or special migrant schools with weaker conditions. Inequality becomes even worse during secondary education, as strict exam participation rules break students' continuous study plans and force plenty of teenagers to move back to their hometowns unwillingly. These long-term institutional obstacles lead to unfair resource allocation, frequently interrupted school life, and blocked chances of upward social development for migrant young people. Major deep-rooted reasons include tight local government financial budgets and unreasonable unequal distribution of high-quality school resources. Several effective improvement ideas are discussed in this paper, including residence-related admission policies, looser exam thresholds, extra financial support, and stricter supervision on private migrant schools. Overall, slow, steady and continuous institutional adjustment is the most reliable way to build a fairer and more open urban education system.

In the era of the digital economy, unfair competition disputes in short video data handling occur frequently. The standards of legislative form identification and judicial essence identification conflict, resulting in different judgment standards and vague behavior expectations. The single form identification is easy to give rise to data monopoly and abuse of private rights. While the single substance identification has the problems of difficulty in providing evidence and loss of order in discretion. There is a fundamental conflict between the two in terms of value orientation, applicable logic, and interest focus, which makes it difficult to take into account the needs of data protection and circulation. This paper follows the multiple values of the anti-unfair competition law, the dual attribute theory of data rights and interests, and the principles of public interest priority, scene differentiation, form and substance complementarity, and operability. Finally, a three-level dual fusion identification framework of "preliminary screening of formal elements, core judgment of substantive elements, and final verification of interest measurement" will be constructed. The framework can balance the rights and interests of platform data, market competition efficiency and public interests, unify the judgment standards, and provide stable and landing normative guidance for the regulation of unfair competition in short video data.

In the era of digital economy, data has become the core carrier of global digital trade and industrial development, and its cross-border flow has become a key regulatory target. Using the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as a frame of reference, this paper employs comparative research and normative analysis to systematically compare the paths, logics, and practical differences in cross-border data flow regulations between China and Europe. The study reveals five core issues in China's cross-border data flow regulations: a singular regulatory path, separate compliance and certification systems, imperfect extraterritorial application rules, inadequate international compliance capabilities of enterprises, and a lack of mutual recognition of international rules. Based on the development of China's digital economy and data security needs, this article draws on the reasonable core of GDPR, proposes an optimization path to improve the legislative system, integrate compliance mechanisms, strengthen enterprise adaptation, and promote international cooperation. The aim is to balance cross-border data security and circulation efficiency, enhance China's data governance capabilities, and provide theoretical support for the safe expansion of China's digital economy overseas.