To build a sound criminal protection framework for virtual property, one must first clarify its legal nature. In this study, virtual property is understood as property that exists in the virtual world, carrying two defining features at once, namely a data form and real property value. From the standpoint of civil-criminal coordination, the real right theory offers a reasonable account of its legal attributes.At present, the criminal protection of virtual property still encounters many practical problems. Judicial decisions tend to be inconsistent. It is hard to conduct asset valuation and evidence preservation. Supervision and law enforcement are not strong enough. Platforms fail to perform effective management. Black and gray markets are growing at a fast pace. These issues are mainly caused by the complexity of case forms. High technical obstacles also slow down judicial processes. Industrial governance is far from enough. Platform supervision is rarely put into practice.To address these challenges, a wide range of measures should be adopted. These measures need to span judicial, regulatory, and theoretical dimensions, along with the coordination between civil and criminal law. More specifically, practical difficulties in the criminal protection of virtual property can be effectively resolved through unified adjudication standards, strengthened platform oversight, promoted theoretical synergy between civil law and criminal law, and improved civil-criminal coordinated protection mechanisms.

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The outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022 has completely reshaped Europe's security landscape and exposed the EU's current shortcomings in defense, energy and other fields. Europe has long relied on NATO's security framework and has a high degree of dependence on the United States. The outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the strategic contraction of the United States, and the lack of internal strength in Europe have stimulated the security anxiety of European countries. As political and economic powers in the world respectively, France and Germany promote the realization of European defense autonomy in different ways. France has long adhered to the concept of European strategic autonomy, while Germany achieved a "turning point" after the Russia-Ukraine conflict, shifting from a conservative to a more radical stance. Despite their differences, the two countries, based on their respective strengths, have concluded treaties and carried out cooperative military projects. The dual-core forces of the two core powers, France and Germany, play an important role in promoting the realization of European defense autonomy.

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That the land which is constructed and collectively operated enters the market is an important structure method which pushes the market work of land factors and breaks the city-country two-layer structure. The distribution of the increasing parts of land value has become a main controversial spot in this reform process. This research investigates the Government Adjustment System for Government Joining in Income Allocation under the situation of Collective-Run Building Land Going into the Market and gives an all-round summarization of the present system structure and its problems in running. This analysis carries out the research on the legal basis and the institutional limits of government's participating behavior. The outcomes have found out several clear problems inside the Adjustment Fund system, including obvious differences between regions on the Expropriation Norms, an unclear law division, and insufficient use limits and supervision systems. Through a theoretical analysis on the supportive, opposite, and compromising standpoints, this research puts forward that the government participation in profit distribution should not gain its justification only through land ownership, but must lay its foundation in the promotion of public value which is produced by planning control, public investment and institutional supply. Under this logic, the government has a limited and restricted supervision function. Through the utilization of the doctrine of Land Value Capture, the research constructs an explanation model of "Public Benefit---Restricted Redistribution---Redistribution Which Is Constrained by Rule of Law" and puts forward institution-related betterment methods.

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Against the global context of stable fragmentation in data governance and legal identity recognition, the proof rules for sexual minority status identification are confronted with multiple dilemmas, including the failure of traditional evidence rules, the anomie of judicial discretion, and inadequate privacy protection. Based on the value benchmarks of the right to equality, human dignity, and self-determination, this study systematically reflects on core problems such as the limitations of the principle of objectivity and the unfair allocation of the burden of proof. It further proposes a hierarchical construction of the standard of proof centered on self-declaration priority. Accordingly, this paper establishes diversified evidence rules applicable to different fields such as civil, criminal, and administrative proceedings, and designs supporting procedural safeguard mechanisms. Based on the legal practice of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, this study explores the application path of the forum preference and jurisdiction-first framework under a pluralistic legal system. It aims to promote the transformation of sexual minority status identification from rule interpretation to future order construction and to provide jurisprudential support and institutional solutions for the protection of identity rights under pluralism.

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