Whether people can offer one another a mutual and complete emotional response in intimate relationships is a basic question for understanding the structural limits of interpersonal emotional interaction. This article argues that such responses are rarely achieved in practice. Moreover, this gap reflects a structural limitation rather than a moral failure. Through a survey of 50 adults and 10 semi-structured interviews, this study develops, on that basis, the core concept of the "0.5 Dilemma". Participants supplied approximately half of the scale's maximal emotional responses in attentiveness, self-disclosure, commitment stability, psychological transparency, emotional resonance, emotional maintenance, and reciprocal giving. The average normalised sufficiency score was .48, with a standard deviation (SD) of .06, significantly below the .50 midpoint, t(49) = −2.15, p = .037. The emotional gap was largest on the attention dimension, while commitment stability showed the highest normalised sufficiency. Participants aged 40 and over reported less sufficiency than younger individuals. The interviews revealed distraction caused by competing mental load, silence to protect the other, and waning empathy. The paper then argues that the claim that emotionally expressive androids are "deceptive" is based on an unrealistically full picture of human interaction and proposes three ethical limits for silicon-based completion: transparency, social facilitation, and autonomy.

With the development of the digital economy, more and more data will be created and used, so protecting sensitive personal information is now a serious problem. But the scope of sensitive personal information listed in Article 28 of China's Personal Information Protection Law issued in 2021 still remains ambiguous in practice and thus problems have arisen in enforcement and compliance. This study will analyze the current legal framework and address this ambiguity and the formalism of mandatory consent through comparative study of EU's General Data Protection Regulation and America's California Privacy Rights Act, as well as a case study. This study argues that China should adopt purposive interpretation to judge sensitivity based on risks of damage regardless of the category of data, refine the current opt-in consent structure to guarantee users' genuine voluntariness and strengthen corporate accountability by setting a personal information protection impact assessment, thus bridging the gap between legislation itself and real-world data processing situations.

Women's careers in science and technology are under pressure around the world. Existing studies have not examined the cases of individual women and how they cope. Although there are some highly accomplished female scholars in the same field, the psychological reasons for their ability to cope with stress and avoid internalizing gender stereotypes at a micro-level have not been explored. Our participant is a senior female researcher in a traditional engineering field and she was selected as the high-resilience sample for this study. We conducted semi-structured life-history interviews and career retrospectives to map the coping strategies in cognition, emotion and behavior of the participant. Based on our findings, our participant was able to reduce occupational stress and stereotype internalizations through the immunizing effect of early protective factors, cognitive decoupling of gender identity and professional identity, task-oriented competence construction, and proactive maintenance of emotional boundaries. This paper will address the problem of individual differences in the existing quantitative research and provide transferable theoretical support and practical guidance for cultivating career resilience among women in STEM.

Negative Language may affect people's choices in daily life through two distinct routes: linguistic negation, which is the linguistic polarity of lexicalisation, and negative framing, which focuses on losses or undesirable outcomes. This paper studies how linguistic negation affects pre-decision states and changes the final choice of the negative frame according to cognitive and biological evidence. Based on the prior studies discussed in Section A, linguistic negation increases the cognitive load and reduces decision efficiency. Results of stop-signal tasks indicate that the cognitive resources required for negation processing overlap with those needed for inhibitory control, and event-related potential data have linked negation to delayed semantic reanalysis and integration. Surveys, bilingual and risk-choice studies in Section B have shown that negative framing can change people's judgments of objectively equivalent options in many languages, tasks and people. Neuroimaging studies have identified brain areas involved in gain- and loss-domain framing, and stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex shows that it regulates these decisions to be more rational. In short, the paper does not hold that negative language has a single or always harmful effect on decision-making. The scope of the negativity and the level of decision-making will affect how much of it is revealed.

Interpersonal conflicts among teenagers on campus have attracted widespread attention from the academic community. The association between implicit bias and hostile attribution has become an important research topic in adolescent social development. Previous studies have generally examined individual variables in isolation and have not established a unified analytical framework integrating cognitive, emotional, and personality-related mechanisms. This study, supported by regulatory emotivism and Hayes' second-order moderated mediating model, clarifies the mediating value of state social anxiety and the moderating function of personality traits, and fully explains the cognitive and emotional dual pathways of implicit bias acting on hostile attribution. The results show that implicit bias does not directly predict hostile attribution and that state social anxiety fully mediates this relationship. Personality traits moderate only the second stage of the mediation process. Higher behavioral inhibition sensitivity strengthens the association between social anxiety and hostile cognition. The research enriches the theoretical system of social information processing, supports the stratified campus intervention plan, points out the limitations of cross-sectional data, and makes prospects for the subsequent research on longitudinal tracking and neuroimaging.

As large language models have been increasingly applied to daily life in information seeking and decision-making, public trust in AI output has greatly improved. This brings about the worry that human critical thinking could become impaired. Using Salvi et al.'s GPT-4 conversational persuasion experiment as a start, this paper adopts a literature review method and relies on the theory of automation bias as well as cognitive laziness. This paper uses literature review as the way of research and utilizes the theories such as automation bias and cognitive laziness, etc., to explore the psychological mechanism behind the power of AI's ability to persuade others, and how it affects different people's minds. Findings indicate that the notable persuasiveness of AI stems primarily from two interrelated psychological mechanisms: cognitive laziness, which inclines individuals to forgo independent verification, and algorithm worship, which inclines individuals to delegate cognitive authority to AI systems. Both mechanisms manifest across adolescent and adult populations and may contribute to the erosion of critical thinking through prolonged AI use. The national, corporate, educational, individual levels response strategies are put forward in this paper, and the future research directions including cross-cultural comparison studies, longitudinal follow-up researches and individual-difference study plans are given out.

The 2024 temporary resupply arrangement at Second Thomas Shoal reduced short-term maritime confrontation between China and the Philippines, but the arrangement's stability remained fragile. This paper examines the development of the arrangement from negotiation and implementation to renewed tensions in 2026. It treats the arrangement as an operational measure for managing maritime interactions at a site under China's indisputable sovereignty, where the Philippines' continued presence and resupply activities infringe upon China's sovereignty. The case is used to examine why temporary maritime arrangements may provide short-term stability but fail to ensure long-term stability in maritime disputes. The three short-term effects of the arrangement were to reduce direct confrontation, continue the resupply activities, and establish a basic communication channel between the two sides. However, two main reasons limited the duration. First, interpretive ambiguity resulted in different interpretations of the arrangement, and some actions could not be classified as either compliance or violation. Secondly, because of low mutual trust and weak supervision, the problem of credible commitment has been aggravated. Given the above problems, this study puts forward the following four countermeasures: clearer written rules, technical supervision, gradual trust-building and a default mechanism for resolving disagreements. Based on the above results, a design system for more stable temporary maritime arrangements has been proposed to help reduce the risk of accidental conflict and promote maritime security in the Nanhai (China's indisputable sovereignty).

Now generative AI's speech synthesis has become widely used, so the law is no longer regarded as having the nature of human voice. Sound is data that can be extracted, saved and traded. In China, disputes arising from unauthorized reproduction of sound are increasing year by year. Nowadays, Civil Code uses similar rules of portrait rights to protect sound, which is not in line with the original auditory biological characteristics of sound. The court has different opinions on which standard to use, and it is often difficult for the complainant to bear the burden of proof, and the compensation for business losses is often insufficient. This paper combines case analysis and comparative study. On the one hand, it investigates the typical judgments of domestic AI voice infringement cases, and on the other hand, it studies how the U.S right of publicity manages the dignitary and commercial proprietary interests of the voice separately. It is unrealistic to take the American system as it is. Therefore, the paper puts forward a dual mechanism suitable for local conditions: the basic rule of independent business voice right is defined as Civil. It is stipulated in the Code that in order to punish the hidden unfair behavior, Anti-Unfair Competition Law is used. In this way, the interests related to the two sounds can be protected at different levels. Protecting personal dignity and keeping the vitality of digital innovation can be done together.

In recent years, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have accelerated the development of digital mental health services, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based chatbots have become an increasingly studied approach for anxiety and depression. These systems can deliver structured psychological support with relatively low cost, broad accessibility, continuous availability, and immediate interaction. This literature review synthesizes evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses evaluating AI CBT chatbots for anxiety and depression. Current evidence suggests that these interventions can produce short-term reductions in mild-to-moderate depressive and anxiety symptoms, although effects are generally small to moderate and are more consistent for depression. However, confidence in these findings is limited by small or selective samples, short intervention and follow-up periods, substantial variation in chatbot design and control conditions, and limited evidence of long-term clinical benefit. Important concerns also remain regarding privacy, data governance, cultural and algorithmic bias, crisis recognition, and the reliability of AI-generated responses. Overall, AI CBT chatbots appear most defensible as accessible self-help or adjunctive tools rather than replacements for therapist-led CBT. Future research should prioritize larger and more diverse clinical samples, active comparison conditions, longer follow-up, transparent safety reporting, and carefully supervised human-AI models of care.

Neural speech synthesis can generate a voice recognisable to a human from seconds of reference audio, and the harm extends beyond fraud to a loss of control over a socially trusted identifier. No United Kingdom statute protects the voice in isolation: copyright, performers' rights and passing off protect a recording, a performance or commercial goodwill, not the speaker. The UK GDPR thus seems the most broadly applicable instrument, but its application remains unclarified. This paper makes the case that 'voice cloning' hides a series of legally different actions, so that each artefact must be classified separately: a recording of an identifiable speaker is, as a rule, personal data; a speaker embedding obtained through a specific technical process is the strongest candidate for biometric data; and general model weights should not be assumed to be biometric data. Whether a given cloning process is 'for the purpose of uniquely identifying a natural person' has never been answered, and the paper argues for an objective, stage-based approach to Article 9, under which target enrolment, identity conditioning and similarity testing trigger its application but generic synthesis does not. It then demonstrates that the United Kingdom, not bound by the EU AI Act but with regulatory guidance that aligns closely with it, can provide considerable protection today through Articles 5, 6, 9, 22A to 22D, 25, 32, 35 and 82, though no domestic duty to mark synthetic audio exists. Data-protection law can protect the voice as data, but not as persona.