The purpose of this research is to investigate the four dimensions of college L2 learners' engagement with generative AI (GenAI) in translation and the interactive between the four dimensions, in order to provide theoretical and practical references for the optimal application of GenAI in translation education. In the context of the rapid digital transformation in translation education, the engagement with GenAI has become increasingly important for improving teaching the effectiveness. GenAI can effectively enhance cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and agentic engagement in translation by decreasing cognitive load, facilitating proactive operation, evoking positive emotions, and supporting self-regulation, while unregulated GenAI use cause overdependence, academic integrity risks and negative impacts. Current research on GenAI engagement is insufficient in exploring the interaction between the four dimensions of engagement and insufficient in exploring agentic engagement in the context of GenAI-supported translation learning. It also reveals obvious research gaps in cross-dimensional interaction and agentic engagement exploration. This study provides practical guidance on the reasonable application of GenAI in translation teaching, guiding educators, and learners to make effective use of GenAI tools effectively and avoid overdependence and academic integrity risks.

This systematic review examines research on the transformation of the role of mathematics teachers in AI-driven early childhood education from 2015 to 2025. Based on a literature search of major academic databases, it analyzes the development trends of teaching tools, methods, and professional responsibilities. The results show that AI technology has brought numerous positive impacts, including facilitating personalized learning and data-driven instruction. Many studies indicate that the use of AI in teaching is transforming the teacher's role from a mere practitioner to a data facilitator, AI instructional designer, data interpreter, technology integrator, ethics guardian, and liaison between home and school. However, this process also presents many problems and challenges. For teachers, AI brings increased workload, role ambiguity, a lack of systematic teacher training, and a disconnect between theory and practice. For children, it may lead to excessive screen time, an inability to deeply understand content, and a lack of exploration in authentic environments. Meanwhile, parents may have concerns about teachers using AI in teaching, including concerns about quality and privacy. Therefore, AI presents unprecedented opportunities and challenges for the early childhood education system, making it imperative to promote a transformation in teachers' roles that benefits children, parents, and teachers a pressing issue. This article will analyze research from the past decade to identify existing problems and their impact on teacher education, curriculum design, and other aspects, and analyze and discuss how to solve these problems.

The copyright disputes over AI-generated works essentially boil down to determining their originality and the proportion of human involvement. At present, there remain gaps in the ownership allocation rules based on the level of human input, and the existing copyright law also has inadequate provisions on the subjects of infringement liability and its constitutive elements. This paper conducts research based on the dual-track criterion of "objective originality + subjective contribution". At the qualitative level, this criterion not only aligns with the current technological level but also abides by the basic requirements of copyright law for the subjectivity of human creation. At the level of right ownership, classification shall be made according to the differences in human participation: where humans are fully involved, the relevant rights shall be enjoyed by natural persons; where human input is limited, reference may be made to British legislation to vest the copyright in "the party that has completed the basic preparations for the generation of the work"; where multiple parties participate jointly, the subject of right ownership shall be determined in accordance with the norms governing joint works and service works. At the level of infringement determination, it is necessary to first clarify the scope of liability of three types of subjects—algorithm developers, platform service providers and users—based on the principle of fault liability, and examine fault in combination with obligatory elements, so as to balance the contradiction between promoting innovation and protecting rights and interests.

In traditional Chinese society, architectural space was not merely a physical carrier, but a material manifestation of patriarchal order and gender power relations. The grand scale and strict etiquette of Shanxi merchant residences during the Qing Dynasty, with their spatial layout embodying Confucian ethical norms of "distinction between inside and outside, and between men and women," provide a typical example for studying the relationship between gender and space. This study uses the Chang Family Manor in Taigu, Shanxi, as a case study, focusing on the intrinsic connection between the spatial structure of traditional residences and gender inequality. Employing qualitative research and case analysis methods, combined with gender space theory, literature review, and architectural layout interpretation, the study systematically examines the manor's courtyard sequence, functional zoning, circulation organization, and symbolic meaning, exploring how patriarchy, through spatial division, disciplined women's daily activities and social roles. The study finds that the Chang Family Manor adopts axial symmetry and a clear public–private, inner–outer spatial order, locating male and public spaces in the front and core areas while assigning women’s living quarters to enclosed back and side courtyards. Through courtyard depth, gate barriers, and path restrictions, this layout implicitly limits women’s mobility and social visibility, stabilizing and naturalizing gender hierarchy in daily life.

In this time of internet, we have the cross border flow of person information, although it develop our economy, many urgent problems occur by those flow. Key situations are digital consumption and platform service; global corporate operation and management; international cooperation. The process of cross border flow of personal information during development period is actually the process of advancement for digital economy, it's from free-flowing to regulation- based circulation. Risk of cross-border flow of personal data in digital age contains infringement on individuals rights, country data security and company's operation conforming to rule. Enhance in three dimensions simultaneously to turn on the corresponding regulation paths: empower data subjects, establish a state-guided evaluation system for data exports, and upgrade corporate compliance services. Provide useful references for this research to promote the secure, efficient and order cross-border flow of personal information worldwide.

Intensifying international geopolitical competition has prompted significant evolution within U.S. domestic trade law, shifting its use from a conventional trade remedy tool to one of unilateral sanctions to intervene in the international order. Using the U.S. Department of Commerce NME status review of Armenia (Case A-831-804), in part for purposes of observation, we find a discernible pattern of weaponizing law by closely examining the "six-factor test" and the surrogate country approach. These mechanisms strip targeted countries of their "discourse power about data" and place them under the "denial-of-market" label, forcing them to comply with "market standards set by others." From a legal standpoint, since there are no specific derogation provisions in Armenia's WTO Protocol of Accession, the U.S. action represents a substantive violation of the WTO ADA. Moreover, from the angle of Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL), it imposes structural repression on the economic sovereignty and the right to development of transitional economies. The above discussion on the logic of unilateral hegemony offers a few strategic pointers that could help China bolster its own institutional barriers and assume leadership in efforts to establish more balanced international trade rules.

Chinese basketball player Yang Hansen successfully entered the NBA in 2025, yet his journey has been accompanied by intense public criticism. This phenomenon illustrates the "target effect" faced by individuals who achieve upward mobility to elite levels. Drawing on migration and mobility theories, this study employs a case study approach to analyze the controversy surrounding Yang Hansen. Utilizing Schewel's aspiration-capability framework, Sheller and Urry's new mobilities paradigm, and Bourdieu's theory of capital, the analysis reveals that Yang's personal mobility has been burdened with collective expectations of reshaping Chinese basketball's international competitiveness. The criticism essentially reflects public anxiety about failed upward mobility and the potential freezing of group mobility opportunities. The study argues that athletic mobility must be understood through multiple dimensions including individual capacity, team needs, tactical systems, and cultural adaptation, and calls for a more inclusive perspective on athletes' transnational career development.

As artificial intelligence increasingly permeates educational technology, understanding user continuance behavior has become critical for platform sustainability and development. This study applies and further extends Expectation–Confirmation Theory (ECT) to examine user continuance intention in AIdriven educational platforms, using the Zuoyebang app—a leading K12 online learning platform in China—as a qualitative case. Through analysis of platform features, user expectations, and confirmation mechanisms, the paper demonstrates that the core ECT framework remains applicable. However, it requires important adaptations to account for the distinctive characteristics of educational technology, including long-term and subjective learning outcomes, evolving user expectations as learners progress, and divergent evaluation criteria among multiple stakeholders such as students and parents. The findings reveal that Zuoyebang users form multidimensional expectations encompassing AI accuracy, comprehensive coverage, personalization, and user experience, with confirmation occurring through AI solution quality and learning progress indicators. A comparative analysis with competitor Yuanfudao highlights how platform architecture—AIcentric automation versus live tutoring—fundamentally shapes expectation frameworks and confirmation dynamics. Based on these insights, the study proposes development strategies including AI optimization, transparent expectation management, deepened personalization, and longitudinal user journey mapping.