The improvement of mental health in older adults has become a significant area of research in response to the growth in the global population of older individuals. Thus, the paper evaluates the beneficial influence of pets on the mental well-being of older adults by synthesizing and analyzing data from over a dozen pertinent studies. Findings suggest that pets play a critical role in relieving stress, reducing loneliness and providing social support. In particular, the presence of pets has been linked to several benefits for human well-being, including the promotion of emotional stability, an increase in life satisfaction, as well as a strengthening of social support networks among older adults via increased social interaction and community involvement. However, despite the tremendous psychological benefits that pets bring to older adults, some challenges remain, such as the emotional impact of pet loss and potential health risks. This may affect the actual effectiveness of pet companionship and the overall well-being of older adults. As such, the paper recommends the inclusion of pets in geriatric care programs, and calls for long-term research to gain insights into the lasting effects of pets on the mental health of older adults and their potential for application. The paper aims to contribute to the development of more effective care strategies to boost the quality of life for older adults.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has not only facilitated deeper global economic integration but also fostered extensive cooperation among participating countries in governance, policy design, and innovation. As a global financial hub and a key strategic node in Southeast Asia, Singapore, with its advanced governance practices, robust financial system, and strategic geographic position, has established a close collaborative relationship with China under the BRI. From the perspectives of multilateral governance theory, new institutionalism, and digital public policy innovation, this study systematically explores the synergistic effects between China and Singapore in the fields of international relations, government governance, financial innovation, green development, and the digital economy. Through theoretical analysis and case studies, this paper not only unveils innovative practices in policy interactions between the two nations but also identifies challenges within the cooperation framework. Based on these findings, it proposes strategies to promote the sustainable development of BRI projects in the future.

In the 21st century, the world environment requires people to view global issues and crises from a global perspective. This places demands on global education, and global citizenship education is an educational concept advocated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to adapt to the requirements of the international environment. Under such advocacy, global citizenship education has been widely promoted and disseminated among countries worldwide. However, obvious obstacles and problems have emerged simultaneously in this process. Therefore, the research topic of this article pertains to the understanding of global citizenship identity and global citizenship education, as well as the necessity of its global promotion. It also involves analyzing the difficulties and problems encountered during its implementation and proposing appropriate solutions. The author has proposed solutions such as localizing the core concept of GCE and integrating it into local university curricula, and elaborated on the feasibility and necessity of doing so.

Amid the modernization of education, enhancing the English-speaking abilities of college students has become an essential priority. American dramas are chosen as learning tools for their vivid images and easy-to-understand features. The close-to-life lines in American dramas meet the requirements for college students to improve their speaking ability, which is close to the native language expression and accurate and fluent. Therefore, the author chose this topic. This study adopts a quantitative research method to collect data through a questionnaire survey and uses SPSS AU for descriptive statistical analysis. The questionnaire data analysis reveals that the frequency of American drama viewing among the surveyed college students fluctuates around three times per week, with relatively short viewing durations, none of which exceed one hour per session. It is concluded that more than half of them choose to watch American dramas because their classroom teachers recommend them. The lines of American dramas that are close to life are more suitable for improving college students' English speaking ability, such as The Big Bang Theory, Friends, Modern Family, and so on. Through this study, Teachers and parents can improve the learning efficiency of college students and make them more confident in English communication, which not only improves the comprehensive quality of college students' English but also helps them prepare for their future speeches on the international stage.

Food labeling is essential for informing consumers about the contents and safety of the food they purchase, significantly impacting both public health and international trade. This paper provides a comparative analysis of pre-packaged food labeling regulations in China, the United States, as well as the European Union. As major players in the global food market, these regions or countries have distinct regulatory approaches. Specifically, it examines key aspects of food labeling, such as ingredient listing, nutritional information, and allergen labeling. It refers to regulatory guidelines such as the Codex Alimentarius (FAO & WHO), A Food Labeling Guide (U.S.), Regulation (EU) No 1924/2006, and China’s national standards. By analyzing the differences between these countries' regulations, the article identifies areas for improvement in China's food labeling policies, particularly in nutrition and allergen labeling. The findings and recommendations presented in this study are expected to enhance transparency in food safety for domestic consumers and improve the competitiveness of Chinese pre-packaged food products in the global market.

Global crises such as the public health crisis and political polarization have greatly affected the mode of teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL). However, such shifts have also created many challenges for teachers, such as becoming proficient in the use of online teaching tools and redesigning lessons to maintain student engagement. In addition, negative changes in global immigration policies in the context of growing anti-globalization sentiments have further exacerbated uncertainty in the career development of non-native English-speaking (NES) teachers, making it more difficult for them to obtain teaching qualifications and gain teaching experience. Through a literature review, this paper summarizes the main challenges for EFL teachers in terms of technology adaptation, pedagogy adaptation and public policy. The findings show that although teachers demonstrate a high level of adaptability, they still need ongoing support to cope with the complexities associated with technological change and policy change. This study argues that future pedagogical and policy reforms are essential to ensure the long-term professional development of EFL teachers.

In the 1980s, China implemented the one-child policy as a means to manage population growth during its reform and opening-up period. This policy not only contributed to a reduction in crime rates associated with overpopulation but also empowered women to enter the workforce, thereby stimulating economic development. By 2016, the two-child policy was introduced to address gender discrimination and further promote women's rights. The policy underwent another transformation in 2021 with the introduction of the three-child policy, aimed at tackling the growing issue of an aging population in China. This paper examines the impact of family planning policies on Chinese society and women's rights from both economic and sociological perspectives. Through an analysis of specific cases alongside historical context, this study illustrates the intrinsic connection between birth policies and China's economic development as well as women's social status. The discussion highlights how China's family planning initiatives have influenced societal dynamics and enhanced women's rights, demonstrating improvements in their social standing while concurrently reducing crime rates. The evolution of these policies—from one-child to two-child, and now three-child—reflects China's strategic response to demographic challenges, underscoring the relationship between fertility policies and women's empowerment.

Anxiety as a negative influence on the effectiveness of foreign language learning has been confirmed by research. As one of the current mandatory courses for college students in China, foreign language has become an indispensable learning tool and relevant pathway in multiple disciplines. However, a growing body of research suggests that the original foreign language teaching model of most universities is not effective in alleviating their students' foreign language anxiety in the classroom. Based on this, The purpose of this paper is to examine the specific causes of anxiety in the foreign language classroom and its impact on student learning outcomes. In foreign language classroom anxiety. This study will go through the methods of literature review and case study to focus on understanding, exploring, and summarizing the factors that have been influencing second language classroom anxiety. It has been found that the main causes of anxiety in the foreign language classroom include students' foreign language anxiety, the way the teacher gives feedback, and the stress of the classroom environment. Anxiety not only affects students' performance in the classroom but also hinders their process of learning the language, leading to unsatisfactory learning outcomes. In order to effectively alleviate students' anxiety in the second foreign language classroom, future research should also continue to focus on students' anxiety experiences in different cultural contexts to promote further optimization of foreign language education.

Kafka's work presents a strong absurd, nihilistic, and symbolic writing style. As his late novel, "The Castle" recounts the desperate struggle of the little people under the power system, revealing the tragic nature of absurd nothingness. The blind worship of the power system and the discipline of the individual in a totalitarian society doom everything to the dust. Everything is a puppet of abstraction and symbolism. Kafka borrowed "The Castle" to express the absurdity of human paradox. The so-called absurdity, Yunescu believes: "Absurdity refers to the lack of meaning...... Man is cut off from his own religion, from his own metaphysical foundations, from a priori, and all his actions seem meaningless, absurd, and useless. ”.

With the continuous progress of science and technology, the field of competitive sports has also witnessed revolutionary changes. Modern technology is playing an increasingly important role in improving athletes' performance, optimising training methods and preventing sports injuries. The aim of this study is to delve into the role of body functions and form states in competitive sports and how they affect athletes' competitive performance. By analysing the physical characteristics and training needs of athletes in different sports, it reveals the state effects of body function and form state on competitive sports. The study further proposes the enhancement of athletes' physical functioning and shape shape through scientific training methods. The application of these strategies will help athletes achieve optimal performance in training and competition, reduce the risk of injury, and improve athletic performance. With the continuous development and application of science and technology, we have reason to believe that competitive sports will become more scientific, efficient and humane.