First aid training on campuses is struggling with low skill retention and poor teaching outcomes. Data shows that only 2% of students maintain their basic first aid skills a year after training. This article tries to solve this problem by designing a mobile-learning module. People on campus can be divided into three categories—freshmen in dorms, lab researchers, and campus first aid responders. Based on Schrock's Communicative Affordances Theory, the author plans to design a location-aware, targeted, and efficient mobile learning module. The design includes three practical modules: an Emergency Assessment Framework that scales from basic assessment to incident-command protocols; a Common Campus Injuries module; and an Advanced Life Support module offering airway management with real-time performance feedback. The author designs the modules based on the concept of Learn-Practice-Assess. The designed learning module is expected to turn spare moments into intentional skill-building. The learning module is supposed to yield marked gains in accessibility and retention compared to other first aid training approaches. The author wishes that when life-saving knowledge lives in students' pockets, competency becomes a habit rather than a forgotten certificate.

In an era of increasing globalization and cross-cultural exchange, an increasing number of children are growing up in multilingual environments. This shift not only alters their language exposure patterns but also presents new challenges for research on language development. The mechanisms of language acquisition in multilingual settings have become a focal point in educational and psycholinguistic studies, prompting questions such as: How do children integrate input from different languages? Does multilingual experience promote cognitive and socio-emotional development? These inquiries hold significant implications for developing scientifically grounded educational strategies. Against this backdrop, this paper explores the mechanisms of language acquisition in multilingual children and the long-term effects of multilingual experience on their cognitive and social development. Based on generative grammar and a social interaction view, the research looks into children's mechanisms in language input, the processes of internalizing grammatical rules and constructing flexible language control systems. The results suggest that multilingual experiences not just improve development of executive function and attention, but also have beneficial effects on emotional aspects and cultural preference. But with obstacles such as lopsided language.

Childhood bullying is a prevalent adversity consistently linked with psychotic experiences in longitudinal studies, yet its causal status and distinct mechanisms remain to be rigorously investigated. This review synthesises longitudinal evidence to determine if bullying is a distinct and causal risk factor. Analysing prospective cohorts, twin designs, and causal models uncovers a clear hierarchy of evidence. Crucially, discordant monozygotic twin studies corroborate a causal environmental effect, with bullied twins exhibiting significantly elevated rates of paranoid ideation and cognitive disorganisation, independent of genetic confounders. Furthermore, bullying constitutes a distinct risk factor, often outweighing that of other adversities, with cumulative "double dose" exposure (e.g., from both peers and siblings) drastically elevating the odds of PEs. Mechanistically, this pathway is partially mediated (≈approximately one-third) by cognitive-affective factors, specifically, an external locus of control and low self-esteem, while a significant direct effect points to additional biological pathways, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation and dopamine sensitisation. Synthesis of this evidence firmly establishes childhood bullying as a potent causal and environmental risk factor for psychosis, which operates via a complex network of interdependent psychological and biological pathways.

Conscientiousness, as characterized by self-regulation, industriousness, responsibility, and impulsive control, is consistently regarded as one of the strongest predictors of academic success. However, most research investigates the association at a single point, leaving the uncertainty of whether early expressions of conscientiousness continue to influence motivation and learning behaviors in young adulthood. The present study adopts a developmental perspective to investigate how childhood conscientiousness predicts academic motivation among university students and whether this relationship is mediated by current conscientiousness. Students and one of their parents will participate in the study. Parents will retrospectively assess their child’s conscientiousness during Grade 6 (age 11-12) using the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C). At the same time, students will complete the BFI-2-S for current conscientiousness, the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), and brief behavioral measurements of study habits. Correlational and partial correlation analyses will be used to test whether current conscientiousness mediates the relationship between early personality and academic motivation. The predicted results indicate that childhood conscientiousness will predict both current conscientiousness and higher intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, lower amotivation, and that this association will weaken after controlling for current conscientiousness. The study helps to understand how ideas and behaviors with the characteristics of conscientiousness affect the motivational results of higher education, and provides insights into promoting long-term academic participation and success.

Sexual infidelity poses a significant risk to relational stability, often eliciting intense emotional and behavioural reactions in men. The present study examines the trajectories of male aggression and relationship-repair motivation in the context of recurrent sexual infidelity. Informed by evolutionary psychological theories, the study posits that male reactions signify evolving welfare trade-offs, whereby aggression and intentions for reconciliation are initially heightened after a first betrayal but gradually diminish as the frequency of transgressions escalates. A longitudinal online survey will target 600 men currently in established heterosexual relationships, employing standardized hypothetical scenarios and validated psychological assessments to capture changes across repeated infidelity events. It is expected that emotional exhaustion, lowered self-efficacy, and adjusted cost-benefit assessments will lead to decreased aggression and a waning willingness to reconcile over time. Moreover, Machiavellianism is examined as a possible moderator, with the hypothesis that individuals displaying elevated levels of this trait may engage in both aggressive and reparative behaviours as means of interpersonal control rather than relational restoration. By delineating these psychological dynamics, the study aims to augment theoretical comprehension of male reactions to betrayal and to guide clinical strategies designed to assist couples facing recurrent breaches of trust.

In the background of Digital economy, the social media platforms have changed the consumers' purchasing process of decision-making with the help of short- video content and live- streaming commerce. Based on major Chinese social media platforms as the research objects, study how psychological and social mechanisms such as emotional arousal, sensory stimulation, conformity effect, social trust influence consumers' behavior patterns across different platforms. The results show that different user groups consume algorithms in different ways and content and interaction forms on different platforms. Douyin highlights emotional contagion and interactive stimulation, Xiaohongshu reduces the sense of risk through authentic experience sharing, and WeChat Channels increase trust through expert endorsement and acquaintance social networks. Based on existing empirical studies and survey evidence, this study further verifies that perceived value has a positive impact on purchasing behavior, and perceived risk has an inhibitory effect. Also show the professional knowledge, the role of the interaction experience of the person with many views and the innovation of the product to the live-streaming commerce is very crucial. The findings of this paper help to gain a deeper understanding of the influence mechanisms of differentiated platforms in social commerce and provide operational practices and digital marketing strategies for platforms.

As digital marketing becomes more complex, the influence of social media marketing and personalized marketing have to be studied more systematically. In this paper, we investigate different ways in which these two marketing types impact consumer psychology and how these affect other consumer groups through an integrated analysis of recent literature. We find that social media, based on functional and entertainment content, affects both brain and emotional systems of consumers by mixing functional and entertain content. Personalized marketing makes decisions more efficient, raises privacy concerns, and may make customers feel less independent. Further, we show that these impacts differ as they age. Younger consumers can be easier influenced by social and entertainment-based content, while older ones are more likely to risk cognitive risks and may need more careful decisions. Based on these results, we conclude that digital marketing has to evolve into a more differentiated, considerate, and inclusive approach; we suggest that marketers find stratified strategies that tailor themselves to different platforms and consumer groups while maintaining transparency and giving users more control over their information, thus promoting sustainable relationships between commercial effectiveness and consumer trust.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has been widely integrated into second language (L2) learning, but studies concerning how L2 learners interact with GenAI are still in early stages, and there is also a lack of a review of existing studies.This study systematically reviews the existing literature on empirical studies in GenAI-assisted translation via a four-dimensional engagement framework: cognitive, behavioural, emotional, and agentic engagement, aiming to define the manifestations of the above-mentioned four dimensions of engagement with GenAI in translation and probing for probable factors contributing to changes in engagement. Cognitively, GenAI facilitates learners to stimulate deeper insights into the text and to allocate resources while translating. Behavioural engagement differs according to language proficiency. Translation students use GenAI as compensation, whereas professionals use it as optimization. The positive or negative characteristic of emotional engagement is largely decided by whether GenAI is used as an assistant or a substitute. Learners demonstrate awareness of the potential drawbacks and risks of GenAI as a representation of agentic engagement. Yet only a few follow up with the exploration of their agentic actions. This review offers a unified analytical framework for the following section of analysis of learners' engagement with GenAI in translation. It also points out the implications for more empirical studies on learners' agentic actions, taking translation types into consideration.

In this context of the growing importance of digital economy, business intelligence is becoming an increasingly valuable resource for companies, making its protection under the law ever more crucial. Present problems with the Anti-Unfair Competition Law are among erroneous judgments as to whether a given act is unfair or not if applied to the general provision, blurred lines between what is ethical and unethical business practices, challenges to define the extent of regulation under internet specific provisions and vague standards as to what is considered a trade secret. To improve the regulation of unfair competition over commercial data and protect corporate data rights, it is necessary to improve the protection of commercial data under competition laws by clarifying the scope of general provisions, clarifying some of the language in the online related provisions and the requirements that must be met to prove a misappropriation of a trade secret, which would help clarify how companies can secure their confidential information.

Live-streaming e-commerce has evolved to become a significant driving force in modern retail spaces beyond playing an experimental or supporting role in the digital commerce. In the article, one can use a critical analysis of the well-known domestic and foreign studies printed in the past five years to identify the defining characteristics of live-streaming e-commerce. Such attributes are mainly immediacy, interactivity and immersion, which are considered to be mutually supportive qualities, not independent dimensions. At the same time, several significant research variables, including consumer trust, perceived value and buying behavior, which are continually discussed in the literature are summarized. Regarding behavior, general evidence on the issue reveals that live-streaming e-commerce reduces the time of decision-making, drives social validation, and generates a sense of urgency, all of which are triggers of impulse and repeat purchases. Psychologically it causes emotional arousal, increases multidimensional perceived value, and development of anthropomorphic trust, the processes of which change the internal condition of consumers. Despite these findings, there have remained numerous gaps in the current body of study. Several studies focus on the view of the seller too much, they have rather homogeneous samples and they usually rely on cross-sectional data. Besides, the interdisciplinary theoretical integration continues to be deficient. In reaction, to enhance a more sustainable and balanced understanding of live-streaming e-commerce, this paper compiles future research focus areas that are aimed at examining ethical accountability, policy of the platform, and customer welfare.