A Critical Analysis of Working Mother’s Work-family Dilemma in Modern European Society: Using the 2021 French Film "À Plein Temps" as a Window

Xingyue Sun; Siyu Zhu; Qiyu Chen

doi:10.54254/2753-7048/6/20220965

Article Information

Received: 9 May 2023

Published: 17 May 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/6/20220965

Article Type: Research Article

Cite this article

Sun,X.;Zhu,S.;Chen,Q. (2023). A Critical Analysis of Working Mother’s Work-family Dilemma in Modern European Society: Using the 2021 French Film "À Plein Temps" as a Window. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media,6,1046-1053.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

Disclaimer/Publisher's Note

The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s). EWA Publishing and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

About this Volume

Volume Title: LNEP Vol.6

Part of Series: Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media

ISSN: 2753-7048 (Print) / 2753-7056 (Online)

Copyright & License

[1]Ewald, F., Cooper, M., & Johnson, T. S. (2020). The birth of solidarity: The history of. the French welfare state. Duke University Press.

[2]Dutton, P. V. (2002;2009;). Origins of the French welfare state: The struggle for social. reform in France, 1914–1947. Cambridge University Press.

[3]Aminzade, R. (1980). French Strike Development and Class Struggle: The Development of the Strike in Mid-Nineteenth Century Toulouse. Social Science History, 4(1), 57–79. Cambridge University Press.

[4]Sweet, S. (2014). Origins of contemporary work-family dilemmas. SAGE Publications. 1-16.

[5]Daum, Abigail F. (2017). “Supermom” and “Super-Maman”: The Transition to New Motherhood in American and French Mothers". Scripps Senior Theses, 969.

[6]Cheung, H.K., Anderson, A.J., & King, E.B. (2022). Beyond the Baby Bump: Subtle Discrimination Against Working Mothers in the Hiring Process. J Bus Psychol, 37, 1181–1198.

[7]Correll, S. J., Benard, S., & Paik, I. (2007). Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood. Penalty? American journal of sociology, 112(5), 1297-1339.

[8]Hipp, L. (2020). Do Hiring Practices Penalize Women and Benefit Men for Having Children? Experimental Evidence from Germany. European Sociological Review, 36(2), 250–264.

[9]Fuegen, K., & Endicott, N. F. (2010). Evidence of shifting standards in judgments of male and female parents' job-related ability. Current Research in Social Psychology, 15, Article 5.

[10]González, M. J., Cortina, C. & Jorge R. (2019). The Role of Gender Stereotypes in Hiring: A Field Experiment. European Sociological Review, 35(2), 187–204.

[11]Baumle, A. K., Fossett, M. (2005). Statistical Discrimination in Employment: Its Practice, Conceptualization, and Implications for Public Policy. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(9), 1250–1274.

[12]Staff, J. & Mortimer J. (2012). "Explaining the Motherhood Penalty During the Early Occupational Career". Demography, 49 (1), 1–21.

[13]Heilman M.E., & Okimoto T.G. (2008). Motherhood: A Potential Source of Bias in Employment. Decisions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 189–198.

[14]Gorman, K.A. and Fritzsche, B.A. (2002), The Good-Mother Stereotype: Stay at Home (or Wish That You Did!). Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 2190-2201.

[15]Williams, J. C. (August 1, 2014). The Maternal Wall. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2004/10/the-maternal-wall

[16]Cuddy, A.J.C., Fiske, S.T. & Glick, P. (2004), When Professionals Become Mothers, Warmth Doesn't Cut the Ice. Journal of Social Issues, 60, 701-718.

[17]Benard, S., & Correll, S. J. (2010). Normative Discrimination and the Motherhood Penalty. Gender & Society, 24(5), 616–646.

[18]Anderson, D. J., Binder, M., & Krause, K. (2002). The Motherhood Wage Penalty: Which Mothers Pay It and Why? The American Economic Review, 92(2), 354–358.

[19]Gangl, M., & Ziefle, A. (2009). Motherhood, labor force behavior, and women’s careers: An empirical assessment of the wage penalty for motherhood in Britain, Germany, and the United States. Demography, 46, 341–369.

[20]Gallen, Y. (2021). Motherhood and the gender productivity gap. Retrieved November 3, 2022, from https://bfi.uchicago.edu/insight/research-summary/motherhood-and-the-gender-productivity-gap/.

[21]Oesch, D., Lipps, O., & McDonald, P. (2017). The wage penalty for motherhood: Evidence on discrimination from panel data and a survey experiment for Switzerland. Demographic Research, 37, 1793–1824.

[22]Becker, G. (1973). A theory of marriage: Part I. Journal of Political Economy, 81(4), 813‒846.

[23]Fewer mothers prefer full-time work. (July 12, 2007). Retrieved November 3, 2022. from https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2007/07/12/fewer-mothers-prefer-full-time-work/.

[24]Edgley, A. (2021). Maternal presenteeism: Theorizing the importance for working mothers. of “being there” for their children beyond infancy. Gender, Work, and Organization, 28(3), 1023–1039.

[25]Kokot-Blamey, P. (2021). Mothering in accounting: Feminism, motherhood, and. making partnership in accountancy in Germany and the UK. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 93, 101255.

[26]Odenweller, K. G., Rittenour, C. E., Dillow, M. R., Metzger, A., Myers, S. A., & Weber, K. (2020). Ambivalent effects of stay-at-home and working mother stereotypes on mothers' intergroup and interpersonal dynamics. Journal of Family Communication, 20(1), 16-35.

[27]Okimoto, T. G., & Heilman, M. E. (2012). The "bad parent" assumption: How gender. stereotypes affect reactions to working mothers. Journal of Social Issues, 68(4), 704-724.

[28]Delaney H., & Sullivan, K. R. (2021). The political is personal: Post feminism and the construction of the ideal working mother. Gender, Work, and Organization, 28(4).

[29]Gill, R. (2007). Postfeminist media culture: Elements of a sensibility. European Journal. of Cultural Studies, 10(2), 147–166.

[30]Hays, S. (1996). The cultural contradictions of motherhood. Yale University Press.

[31]Blair‐Loy, M. (2003). Competing devotions: Career and family among women. executives. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

[32]Harlrynjo, S., & Lyng, S. T. (2009). Preferences, constraints, or schemas of devotion? Exploring Norwegian mothers' withdrawals from high‐commitment careers. The British Journal of Sociology, 60(2), 321–343.

[33]Gill, R. C. (2007). Critical respect: The difficulties and dilemmas of agency and ‘choice'. for feminism: A reply to Duits and van Zoonen. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 14(1), 69–80.